In 2019 the impact
high Google rankings can have on a B2B business should not be understated.
Whether you want to take on some search engine optimisation yourself or keep your
SEO agency on their toes - understanding the core elements of your website,
what makes for positive or negative SEO results and where priorities should be
placed is the basis of online success.
Step 1 - What Is an
SEO Audit and Why Is It Important?
Simply, an SEO audit
is looking at every single element of a website and its competitor sites to
determine:
Questions
- Can
the website be found when searching online?
- Is
your website relevant to your product and customer base?
- Does
the site work correctly from a technical perspective?
- Does
the website engage your customers to buy from you?
Now, these four
questions may seem vague at first, but each step of an SEO audit process will
give you the answers you need – these starting points will allow the focus of
the work to remain targeted purely at business and online growth, as opposed to
swaying into branding or other forms of marketing/advertising. An SEO audit
should then be split into three areas – on site, off site and technical.
Within the questions
above you will need to determine some variables which are unique to your
business:
Variables
- What
do you want to be found for online?
- What
pages (these are called landing pages) are relevant to your
product/service?
- What
platform is the website built on?
- How
do customers by products online?
Then, from here you can make a list of
top-level actions - we would recommend using a table such as the below –
filling out the actions as you move through your audit.
Questions
|
Variables
|
Actions
|
Can the website be found when searching online?
|
Keywords eg: HR systems
|
|
Is your website relevant to your product and customer base?
|
Landing pages: websitename.com/hr-systems
|
|
Does the site work correctly from a technical perspective?
|
Platforms: Wordpress
|
|
Does the website engage your customers to buy from you?
|
How to buy: Enquiries/Product purchases
|
|
Step 2 - Ranking
Factors
Once you have the
basis of your audit in terms of what you want to know and achieve with a
website from a business perspective, the next stage is to understand what
Google (and the other search engines) are looking for to rank a website. These
are called search engine guidelines and adhering to them can aid ranking,
adversely carrying our bad SEO tactics can impact your ranking and in some
cases see a website removed from a search engine all together.
Search engines use
what are called ‘crawlers’ to go through your website and analyse and determine
the following factors, again these can be attributed to the initial five
points:
- What
keywords should this website most likely be shown for in Google
results?
- Does
the content of the website meet the needs of a customer?
- Is
the website fast and technically secure?
- Does
the website meet the needs of customers?
- Is the website meeting search engine
guidelines?
Ranking factors
include:
Step 3 - Key Elements of Your SEO Audit and How to Carry Them Out
On-Page Content
On-page SEO is at the
heart of your website and the content within each product or service landing
page. Within On-page content there are some core areas to consider:
Element to Optimise
|
Definition
|
Landing Page URL
|
URL of the landing page (after the website name)
|
Meta Title
|
This is the blue link that shows in Google
|
Meta Description
|
The text that shows under the blue link in search results – to draw a
user to click
|
Heading 1 Tag
|
A title that shows at the top of a page
|
Heading 2 / 3 Tags
|
Additional titles which are placed within the content of a page
|
Content
|
The physical content on the page needs to meet particular criteria
|
Keyword Density
|
The percentage of keywords to total text ratio on a page
|
Images
|
The size, name and title of an image on the page
|
Internal Links
|
Links which point to other pages on the website
|
Keywords
Are keywords placed
in your landing page URL, meta title and H1 Tag – these are core signs to
a search crawler about what is expected on a page.
In H2 or H3 tags, are
variations of a keyword used? For example, if your target keyword is B2B
marketing, a H2 tag might be ‘Marketing Driving Exposure with the B2B sector’ –
this shows a break in content, but also creates a greater level of natural
conversion within content.
Potential actions: Re-write meta data to include
keywords, add heading tags to content.
Images
Keep images below
100kb and ensure they have alt text attached to them, as well as an image title
that is associated with your keywords and phases. Google cannot see an image to
relies on the data behind the image to help with accessibility and outline what
should be seen on a page.
Potential actions: Reduce sizes of images
Internal Links
Links within your
text, to related products or services, to customer service pages or through to
contact pages are known as internal links – as in they are internal to your
website.
Keep in mind these
should be relevant to a customer and where possible be placed around your
keywords – this creates a greater level of relevancy and trust within the page
itself.
Potential actions: Add more internal links to content
Overall, for the page
itself, we’d recommend creating a table and auditing each of the points in our
checklist one-by-one per page, using a simple traffic light system to determine
where improvements can be made.
Technical SEO
Technical SEO spans
a wide range of areas and topics, but in terms of an audit on your website,
we’d recommend sticking the core elements around how Google can access and
interpret your website, considering the speed (and ultimately user experience)
as well.
Element to Optimise
|
Definition
|
Web structure and URL Structure
|
Essentially the folders in use website is built
|
HTTPS/SSL
|
Security for customers or users visiting the site
|
HTML Build
|
Code behind core elements of a website
|
CSS / Javascript
|
Code behind the theme and functionality of a site
|
Schema / JSON
|
Code that allows websites to send additional information to search
engines
|
Server Speed
|
The speed in which servers respond to requests
from users
|
Sitemaps/Robots
|
Used by Google to crawl websites
|
Accessibility
|
Are all pages able to be found
|
Step 4 - Crawling
and Indexing
Crawling and indexing
is a core element to consider in your SEO audit. As mentioned earlier, a search
engine will crawl a website to determine what a website rank for in search
results – if a website cannot be crawled properly, it will not rank.
The core area to
determine website crawling is within Google Search Console – this is a system
used by SEO agencies and Webmasters provided by Google to aid in visibility on
the health of a website. If you do not have Google Search Console setup, it can
simply be added to your Google account and verified in a number of different
ways.
Within Google Search
Console you will see the below Index section – this will tell you
discovered URLs and the amount of URLs Google has indexed. Ideally, these
should be the same number:
If an SEO campaign is
not working in the way you feel it should, then you can have a closer look at
indexing and whether your target pages are being found by Google.
If you want to look
at a page level, use the search bar at the top of your website:
Identifying issues within crawling and indexing will help determine
action points around on-page and technical performance.
This would
include:
- Page
missing from sitemap
- Page
blocked by Robots.txt
Potential Actions: Add target page to sitemap, Request indexing from
Google
Step 5 - Website
structure
Do the URLs make
sense? Ideally you would have a top level category for core services/products,
then sub-pages beyond this.
Website Structure is
the frame on which a website is built, and directly influences URL structure.
It should be clear and tidy. A URL structure should following the website
structure, contain NO capital letters, underscores or characters (such as #,?:
etc.) as these are not crawlable for
a crawler.
Potential action: Make URLs cleaner
Step 6 – Checking
your accessibility
Are all pages
accessible from menus with no errors? You’ll find this information in the same
index section, under Coverage.
This will include any
pages with 404 errors (not working) and any others which fire up
warnings.
404 Errors can be a
problem if you do not want them, but do not necessarily mean there’s an issue
with a website. For example, if you remove a service from a website it is
natural this will create
a 404 page. To see in Google Search results a round-up of the pages indexed
(and the latest versions saved by Google) you can do a Google Search for
‘site:websitename.com’ – this will provide a list of indexed pages:
Potential Actions: Redirect or add new pages to place 404
pages.
Step 7 - Loading
Speed
Using tools such as
Google Pagespeed Insights will give you data on areas within a website loading
time that can be improved. Whether these elements are worked on with an SEO
agency or a web developer will differ based on the business in question. PageSpeed
insights will give you a score out of 100 for your website speed, with the
ultimate goal of course to hit 100.
Potential Actions: Update server for faster load speed
Step 8 - Off-Site Strength
The final area of
note when auditing your website is the strength of your offsite profile and
links or brand mentions being generated by an SEO agency. Now, unlike the other
areas the value of these links are not as straightforward as technical /
on-page SEO elements. For example, a link which may look like it has no brand
value, may carry weight for rankings – whereas a brand mention might not have
an SEO value.
When auditing your
SEO agency, take a measure of your domain authority – this domain authority is
a score out of a hundred from a company called Moz. They have a free access account which
allows you to do this. Then, set up a Google Alert for your brand name – this
will then email you every time your brand name is crawled on another
website.
Finally, use Google
Search Console – to determine which of your pages are being linked to and
monitor changes here. This can be found using the Links section from the
right-hand menu of the page:
Over the course of your SEO campaign you should see vast improvements in
each of these metrics – giving you a breakdown of the quality of links, link
profile improvements and areas to work on.
Potential Actions: Gain links from specific industry sites
Step 9 - Completing
Your Audit
Once all data is
gathered on your audit, it is possible to then complete the top level audit
table and send across to your SEO agency/partner:
Questions
|
Variables
|
Actions
|
Can the website be found when searching online?
|
Keywords eg: HR systems
|
Add 200 words on HR systems to HR systems page
Update Meta data to include HR systems Keyword
|
Is your website relevant to your product and customer base?
|
Landing pages: websitename.com/hr-systems
|
Change URL structure from Hr-Systems12324232132 to just hr-systems
|
Does the site work correctly from
a technical perspective?
|
Platforms: Wordpress
|
Work with developers to improve pagespeed results
|
Does the website engage your customers to buy from you?
|
How to buy: Enquiries/Product purchases
|
Increase Calls to Actions on landing pages
|
Carry this out every three months and you’ll be continually closer to your
search engine goals.
Keith Hodges is the
Head of Search at POLARIS, an SEO agency specialising in
campaigns which drive leads for the B2B sector.